Review on garlic cultivation in india: Techniques, challenges, and future prospects

Abstract

Sunita S. Bhosle

Garlic (Allium sativum) is a vital crop in India, renowned for its extensive culinary, medicinal, and industrial applications. As a staple in Indian cuisine, garlic is indispensable not only for its flavor-enhancing properties but also for its health benefits, which include antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory effects. This research article provides a comprehensive overview of the cultivation practices of garlic across different agro-climatic zones of India, detailing the traditional and modern farming techniques employed by growers to maximize yield and quality. It analyzes the various challenges faced by garlic farmers, including issues related to soil fertility, pest and disease management, and the impact of climate change on crop production. Furthermore, the article examines the economic significance of garlic in India, considering its role in the agricultural economy and its potential for generating income through both domestic sales and international exports. The growing demand for organic garlic and value-added products in global markets presents significant opportunities for Indian farmers and exporters. Additionally, the study explores the role of garlic in traditional Indian medicine, particularly in Ayurveda and Unani systems, where it is used to treat a variety of ailments. The article also highlights the importance of research and development in improving garlic varieties, optimizing cultivation methods, and developing sustainable practices to ensure long-term productivity and profitability. By addressing these aspects, this research aims to provide a holistic understanding of the current status of garlic cultivation in India and to identify strategies for overcoming challenges and leveraging opportunities for future growth. The potential for increasing garlic exports, enhancing value addition, and tapping into emerging markets could significantly contribute to the growth of the Indian agricultural sector, thereby strengthening the country’s position as a leading global producer of garlic.