Phytoremediation Potential of Pisum sativum L.: Iron and Chromium Uptake Efficiency

Abstract

Volodymyr Trotsenko, Yevheniia Butenko, Oleksandr Ivchenko, Elina Zakharchenko, Oksana Datsko, Vitalii Yatsenko

Soil plays a vital role in agricultural production, and its pollution poses a significant threat, especially in areas affected by industrial activities or military actions. This study evaluates the phytoremediation potential of pea plants (Pisum sativum L.) for heavy metals, particularly Iron (Fe) and Chromium (Cr), in the Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. Research was conducted at the Sumy National Agrarian University near a busy road, where soil contamination was likely. Soil samples were collected from different layers (0 cm-10 cm, 10 cm-20 cm, and 20 cm-30 cm) before pea sowing and after crop maturation. X-ray fluorescence analysis identified the concentrations of various heavy metals. Statistical analysis using ANOVA and Duncan's test revealed a significant decrease in Iron content in the soil, especially in the 0 cm-10 cm and 20 cm30 cm layers, after growing peas. However, the decrease in Chromium concentration was not statistically significant. The findings suggest that peas are effective in reducing soil Iron content, though their ability to absorb Chromium is limited. In conclusion, peas show potential for phytoremediation of Iron-contaminated soils in Ukraine, though further studies are required to better understand their capacity for absorbing other heavy metals like Chromium.